In recent years, Israel’s Iron Dome missile defence system has gathered attention due to its role in protecting the country against rocket attacks. In the past few weeks, since the October 7 attacks, the Iron Dome has also been working to protect Israeli citizens against a barrage of rockets from Hamas, that are targeting the country’s populated areas.
This advanced technology has undoubtedly played a crucial role in safeguarding Israeli citizens during times of conflict. In this article, we delve into how the Iron Dome works, exploring its technology, effectiveness, and impact on the ongoing conflict in the region.
What Is The Iron Dome and How Does It Work?
The Iron Dome is a sophisticated missile defence system designed to intercept incoming short-range weapons, primarily rockets fired by attackers in neighbouring countries or territories.
This cutting-edge technology operates effectively in all weather conditions. One of its key features is its radar system, which tracks incoming rockets and distinguishes between those likely to hit populated areas and those that won’t. Importantly, interceptor missiles are only deployed against rockets expected to strike urban areas.
This it how it works step by step:
- Enemy rockets fired
- Radar system detects and tracks rocket
- Control system estimates impact point. If the rocket is due to land in an uninhabited area, the Dome will ignore it. If the rocket is due to land in a populated area…
- Launcher fires missile to intercept rocket
- Missile explodes near rocket, causing it to be broken down
The system comprises batteries scattered across Israel, each equipped with three to four launchers capable of firing up to 20 interceptor missiles. Both fixed and mobile versions of the system are strategically placed to cover vulnerable areas.
Development and First Deployment
The concept of Iron Dome emerged after the 2006 conflict between Israel and Hezbollah, during which thousands of rockets were launched into Israel, causing widespread damage and casualties.
In response, Israel embarked on the development of a robust missile defence shield. This effort resulted in the creation of Iron Dome, a joint project involving Israeli firms Rafael Advanced Defense Systems and Israel Aerospace Industries, with support from the United States. The Iron Dome was first used in combat in 2011, successfully intercepting a missile fired from the Gaza Strip, an area under Hamas control since 2007.
Effectiveness and Challenges
Israel has touted Iron Dome’s success rate at an impressive 90%, emphasising its vital role in protecting Israeli citizens.
However, the system faces challenges, especially when a large number of rockets are fired towards Israel in a short space of time. Despite its high success rate, some rockets manage to evade Iron Dome, landing in populated areas and causing casualties. Incidents like these highlight the system’s effectiveness while showcasing the need for continuous improvements to address its limitations.
Another major limitation is the cost of the missiles fired from the Dome. Each missile is estimated to cost around $40,000, making it an expensive endeavour when the country is at war.
A Cheaper Option: The Iron Beam
The Iron Beam is a directed-energy weapon air defence system developed by the Israeli defence contractor Rafael Advanced Defense Systems, and exists as an alternative to the Iron Dome.
It was unveiled at the Singapore Airshow on February 11, 2014. This system is designed to intercept and destroy short-range rockets, artillery, mortar bombs, and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with a range of up to 7 kilometres.
The Iron Beam operates using a fibre laser to generate a beam that can engage and eliminate airborne threats. It is a cost-effective solution compared to traditional missile interceptors, with a significantly lower cost per shot and an unlimited number of firings. As of 2023, efforts are underway to further enhance its capabilities and deploy it to address rocket threats from the Gaza Strip.
International Support and Future Prospects
Recognising the significance of Iron Dome, the United States has taken steps to reinforce Israel’s anti-rocket defence. The US has agreed to provide two of its operational Iron Dome batteries to Israel, demonstrating the strong collaboration between the two nations in bolstering regional security.
In conclusion, the Iron Dome missile defence system stands as a testament to the power of innovation in safeguarding lives and minimising the impact of conflicts on civilians. As technology continues to advance, it is crucial for nations to invest in and collaborate on similar defence systems to create a safer future for communities affected by ongoing regional tensions.
